Traditional practices such as puberty rituals, bodily decorations and courtship ceremonies take place all over the world. These practices are often the symbols that demonstrate how we belong to a particular cultural group. There are some practices that have implications for your sexual well being.

Female genital mutilation (FGM)

Also known as female genital cutting and female circumcision, FGM is a traditional practice in some cultures. FGM is any procedure which involves the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or any other deliberate injury to the female genital organs. This procedure is explained within terms of cultural or religious practices, but remains a serious health hazard to those women who are subjected to it.

The immediate medical risks include severe pain, shock, haemorrhage, infection, urine retention and ulceration of the genital area. The long term consequences include cysts and abscesses, damage to the urethra, infection and infertility. Sexual intercourse may well be painful. Many suffer in silence, but may well have serious physical and psychological reactions to FGM in any form.

These significant health risks to women raise serious doubts about the cultural and religious significance and importance of continuing this practice.

FGM is illegal in some countries. Family Planning Associations are closely monitoring the risks to women's health that FGM causes. If you have any concerns about this issue contact your national FPA

Male Circumcision

In order for this procedure to be safe, it must be performed in clinically hygienic conditions, with sterilised instruments and by practitioners who are fully aware of the health risks and pain association with this medical procedure. (see also checklist)

Dry sex

Dry sex is a sexual practice which involves penetrative vaginal sex where the woman has a dry vagina. Sometimes herbs are used to increase the dryness. Dry sex increases the risks of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Dry sex can also make sex a painful experience for women. There is a widely held belief that women who have moist vaginas are sexually 'immoral'. Women's vaginas become moist naturally in order to assist penetrative sex. Most women are able to produce this natural lubrication. Being 'ready for sex' does not mean that you are ready for sex with anyone, and not being 'ready for sex' i.e. dry, is very painful for the woman.